Blockchain dan Mata Uang Kripto: Memahami Perbedaan Konsep dan Fungsi Dasar

Laura Friska Yosefin Nainggolan; Lidia Corry Novrisa; Calvin Leonardo; Camelia Sadiama; Joosten Ng

doi:10.71417/jitie.v1i1.27

Authors

Laura Friska Yosefin Nainggolan Universitas Mikroskil,Indonesia Author
Lidia Corry Novrisa Universitas Mikroskil Author
Calvin Leonardo Universitas Mikroskil Author
Camelia Sadiama Universitas Mikroskil Author
Joosten Ng Universitas Mikroskil Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71417/jitie.v1i1.27

Keywords:

Adopsi Teknologi, Blockchain, Mata Uang Kripto, Regulasi Digital, Transformasi Keuangan

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong adopsi blockchain dan mata uang kripto dalam sistem keuangan global, namun kesenjangan pemahaman mengenai perbedaan konseptual keduanya masih luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis perbedaan konsep serta fungsi dasar antara blockchain dan mata uang kripto melalui kajian pustaka terkini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kajian pustaka (literature review). Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh artikel ilmiah yang membahas blockchain dan mata uang kripto pada rentang waktu 2021-2025, dengan sampel dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Instrumen penelitian berupa kriteria seleksi literatur yang terindeks di Google Scholar dengan DOI aktif, sementara teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis) secara tematik melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa blockchain merupakan infrastruktur digital terdesentralisasi dengan cakupan implementasi luas di berbagai sektor, sedangkan mata uang kripto adalah aplikasi spesifik blockchain yang berfungsi sebagai alat tukar digital. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemahaman distingsi fundamental keduanya penting untuk mendukung kebijakan regulasi yang adaptif, peningkatan literasi digital masyarakat, dan akselerasi transformasi digital Indonesia yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Auer, R., Monnet, C., & Shin, H. S. (2025). Distributed ledger technology and the governance of money. Electronic Markets, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-025-00784-w

Bank for International Settlements. (2024). Leveraging tokenisation for payments and financial transactions. https://www.bis.org/publ/othp92.pdf

Binus University. (2024). The future of digital payments: Cryptocurrency and beyond. https://sis.binus.ac.id/2024/10/21/the-future-of-digital-payments-cryptocurrency-and-beyond/

Bonnet, S., & Teuteberg, F. (2023). Impact of blockchain and distributed ledger technology for the management of the intellectual property life cycle. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 21(2), 229-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-022-00571-w

Creswell, J. W. (2021). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Emzir. (2022). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif: Analisis data (Edisi Revisi). Rajawali Pers.

Financial Stability Board. (2023). The financial stability implications of crypto-assets. https://www.fsb.org

FinTech Futures. (2024, March 18). Crypto payments gain traction as users exceed 560 million in 2024. https://www.fintechfutures.com/press-releases/payments-market-trends-adoption-the-future-of-digital-transactions-crypto-payments-gain-traction-as-users-exceed-560-million-in-2024

International Monetary Fund. (2025). Stablecoins and the future of finance. Finance & Development, September 2025. https://www.imf.org

Judijanto, L., Ekasari, S., & Al-Amin. (2025). Blockchain: Transparency and security technology in Economy 5.0. Sinomics Journal, 4(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.54443/sj.v4i1.464

Kuo, T., & Zhang, P. (2023). Editorial: Blockchain and distributed ledger technology-enabled architectures for improving healthcare. Frontiers in Blockchain, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1275474

Milne, A., & Lawack, V. (2024). Digital assets in payments and transaction banking (Working Paper). South African Reserve Bank. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4875632

Nature. (2024). A blockchain consensus mechanism for real-time control systems. Nature Communications, 15, 10389. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54626-y

Navarro, L., Mansilla-Lopez, J., & Cipriano, C. (2024). Technological model for cryptocurrency payments in e-commerce. In ICEIS 2024: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (pp. 389-396). SCITEPRESS. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012916800003753

Neliti. (2024). The role of blockchain in decentralized systems: Enhancing data security and transparency. Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 9(2), 245-260. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/593258-enhancing-data-security-and-transparency-b21f006d.pdf

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024). Peta jalan pengembangan dan penguatan inovasi teknologi sektor keuangan, aset keuangan digital dan aset kripto 2024-2028. Jakarta: OJK. https://www.ojk.go.id

PwC. (2025). Value from tokenization in financial services. https://www.pwc.com/us/en/tech-effect/emerging-tech/tokenization-in-financial-services.html

Reserve Bank of Australia. (2024). Digital currencies explainer. https://www.rba.gov.au/education/resources/explainers/cryptocurrencies.html

STMIK Komputama. (2025, September 29). Uang kripto: Antara inovasi digital dan tantangan regulasi di Indonesia. https://stmikkomputama.ac.id/uang-kripto-antara-inovasi-digital-dan-tantangan-regulasi-di-indonesia/

Sudaryono, A. (2023). Metode penelitian kualitatif (Edisi 2). Andi Offset.

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan R&D (Edisi 3). Alfabeta.

Suprayitno, D., Kholifah, S., & Purnomo, H. (2024). Blockchain and cryptocurrency: Revolutionizing digital payment systems. Migration Letters, 21(5), 931-944. https://doi.org/10.47059/ml.v21i5.8067

Tandfonline. (2024). Public regulation urgency in cryptocurrency based on public policy analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2312657

Tandfonline. (2025). Central bank digital currency and digital payment instruments: Implications for monetary policy. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 48(2), 187-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/01603477.2025.2503149

Unsrat. (2025). Aspek hukum penggunaan cryptocurrency di Indonesia. Lex Privatum, 15(3), 45-62. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/61127

Vaher, K. (2025). Securing academic records with blockchain technology: A data-driven approach. Jurnal MENTARI, 4(1), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.31933/jmm.v4i1.908

Van de Poel, M., Schellekens, M., & Ortolani, P. (2023). Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. In The role of distributed ledger technology in banking (pp. 11-34). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009411783.002

Winarno, A., Prabowo, H., & Santoso, B. (2024). Blockchain technology utilization in improving transparency and accountability in public governance. Spirit Publik, 19(2), 215-234. https://doi.org/10.20961/spiritpublik.v19i2.98362

World Economic Forum. (2025). How tokenization is transforming public works investment. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/09/unlocking-inclusive-growth-how-tokenization-is-transforming-public-works-investment/